2024 PN NCLEX Questions Nursing Practice Question
The chemotherapeutic DNA alkylating agents such as nitrogen mustards are effective because they:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: DNA alkylating agents, like nitrogen mustards, function by forming covalent bonds between alkyl groups on the drug and guanine bases in DNA, leading to cross-linking. This cross-linking inhibits DNA replication and transcription, ultimately triggering cell death, particularly in rapidly dividing cancer cells.
Option B is incorrect as these agents often have significant side effects, including nausea and immunosuppression. Option C, while true that they treat multiple cancers, does not explain their mechanism of action. Option D is misleading; these agents are not cell-cycle-specific and can act on cells in various phases, particularly during DNA replication.